Tag Archives: child psychology

Wider reading

OK,  judging by the poll, you’re either ready to read far more for this course; or you really enjoy reading for it :-)

Well, not really; obviously I can’t draw any such conclusion from it. But if you are open to some wider reading / inspiration, try Write 4 Children. Here are some snippets from its second issue.

Michael Rosen, An Apology for Poetry:

Much of children’s lives are circumscribed by explicit and implicit rules. These come ultimately from all the adults around them. No matter how hard we as adults try, we find it very difficult to grant children autonomy over parts of their own lives – even when there is no justification in an argument for health and safety, or psychological danger or whatever. I look at our new kitchen and realise that at present we’ve put a lot of things out of reach of the children. Is there any reason why children’s shouldn’t be able to get a bowl or a cup by themselves? Why have we built in dependence even into our kitchen?

Laura Atkins, White Privilege and Children’s Publishing:

I have been disturbed by the recent controversy over the cover of a book called Liar, written by white Australian author Justine Larbalestier. In this case, American publisher Bloomsbury put a white girl’s face on the cover of her book, even though the author has stated in her blog post about the cover that she meant the girl to be black…..Recently there has been another controversy as Bloomsbury once again published a book featuring a young woman with ‘dark skin’ using a photograph of a very white-looking girl on the cover (Magic Under the Glass by Jaclyn Dolamore). And again, after an outcry developed on the blogosphere, they have decided to change the cover. The same has happened with another book, The Mysterious Benedict Society series by Trenton Lee Stuart and published by Little Brown. In this case a mixed-race boy was illustrated as white on the front cover, and Little Brown have said they will change the covers. A new Facebook group, ‘Readers Against Whitewashing’ was founded in January 2010, bringing together blog postings, articles and news on the subject. So that’s three times in the last year that publishers have changed covers based on blogger response. What seems to be missing is a clear and transparent response from people who work in publishing.

Bridget Carrington, Many Leagues Behind: researching the history of YA fiction for girls:

Throughout the century and a half I examined [1750-1890], those novels which, through the heightened reality of their plots, and the engagement of their female protagonists, realistically explored the complexities of life-choices for their young audience were the YA fiction of their time.  These works were the ‘crossover’ novels of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as assuredly as Salinger, Cormier, Pullman and Burgess are of the twentieth and twenty-first.

Virginia Lowe, I Love Monsters – Pretend Monsters in Books:

Young children are constantly underestimated. Cognitive psychologists work towards an average so that one can make some clinical study of each child. This naturally differs from analysis and discussion of adults and adult material. No one would dream of saying ‘thirty-six year olds will find this aspect difficult’ or ‘no one under fifty understands that other people have minds’ – ultimately, some will and some won’t, it’s acknowledged as a personality thing. Whereas with children, it tends to be taken as axiomatic…. And the findings of the psychologists, average as they are, grossly underestimating children at the peak of their ability, have often not made their way to the children’s literature critics, who then, and even sometimes now, seem ignorant of the fact that neonates can recognise photos of their mothers, for instance – that they can clearly interpret pictures (Barrera and Maurer).

When Uncles and Aunts were the Wild Things

“Where the Wild Things Are” : book,  animated short, children’s opera, film, video game,  and oh dear  novelisation. Are we in the process of seeing it become a modern fairy tale: scary, weird, and thoroughly commoditised?

To the flurry of discussion about whether the film is suitable for children (see here for instance), the book’s author has given a robust response:

What do you say to parents who think the Wild Things film may be too scary?
Sendak: I would tell them to go to hell. That’s a question I will not tolerate.

Because kids can handle it?
Sendak: If they can’t handle it, go home. Or wet your pants. Do whatever you like. But it’s not a question that can be answered.

But in an  interview recorded back in 1986 with America’s National Public Radio, Sendak said of his book:  ‘children are not afraid of them [the monsters] because Max is not afraid of them.’

I thought the interview made fascinating listening. Sendak had a sickly childhood, relatively unprotected by immigrant parents who were themselves vulnerable, but even so he was surely not completely unusual in finding adults ‘awful.. mostly dreadful’ and that ‘being a child was even worse… a creature without power, without pocket money, or escape routes’. He saw Peter Pan and detested it as sentimental – ‘The wish is to get out [of childhood]‘. He denies that his books have morals – he seeks to amuse, entertain, distract.

As a child, he himself was terrified of the vacuum cleaner (the way that bag inflated..) and of the Invisible Man because how could you be reassured that he wasn’t actually there? He recalls his childhood perspective: those Uncles and Aunts, seen with a child’s eye, are potential monsters. They say things like ‘How big you are, how fat you’ve got, we could eat you up.’ And how ugly the relatives are! Children can be ‘monstrously cruel about physical defects.’

And if all this doesn’t scare you,  try taking a look at the Wild Things  fashion collection.

Getting lost in the woods

You know how it is: you start thinking about something (Little Red Riding Hood, for instance) and suddenly it’s everywhere. There must be a word for that.

There have been innumerable re-tellings of LRRH, it seems. It’s no kindness to send you to this article (restricted access – but you can get there with your OU login) examining some Victorian versions – it’s very long, and unnecessary for TMA1. But there, I couldn’t resist it. Don’t go there! You could get lost for weeks…Anthony Browne’s Into the Forest on the other hand is wonderfully brief: new to me, and I was interested by the (sort of conflicting) Amazon.com reviews by the School Library Journal and the American Library Association. And their comments on Browne’s artistry might come in handy for Block 5 (Words and Pictures).

But what are fairy tales for? The wonderfully entitled ‘Breezes from Wonderland’ blog helpfully alluded to the Bettelheim (week 3) interpretation of fairy tales:

This week, in my course on the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen, we read Bruno Bettelheim on the uses of enchantment and what he calls the “struggle for meaning.” Robert Darnton’s famous essay “Peasants Tell Tales” has the subtitle “The Meaning of Mother Goose.” The psychoanalyst and the historian provide competing models for constructing the “meaning” of fairy tales, with one arguing that children make psychological sense on their own of fairy tales, and the other making the case for the fairy tales as repositories of folk wisdom and programs for survival.

The posting is also picking up on another ‘competing model’ for the purpose of fairy tales: some psychologists’ research reported in The Guardian* that experience of the surreal sends our brains back to reality with a hunger to make sense of our surroundings.

On a much simpler level, I take  comfort in the idea that ‘reading for pleasure’ is suggested as  a predictor of success in life.

* Edit: also reported in the NY Times:

“We channel the feeling [of disorientation] into some other project, and it appears to improve some kinds of learning.”

What’s new in the journals?

I suspect we’ll be busy enough with course-directed reading, but if you want to dip your toe into further resources, you might enjoy a simple email alerting service.

Set up  Zetoc Alert and you get an email with clickable links to newly-published articles. Even better, the links may well give you access to the article’s full text.

The Open University Library has produced a friendly introduction and how-to-sign-up leaflet .

Here are the  journals I’ve selected for my alert. Have I missed any?

  • CANADIAN CHILDRENS LITERATURE
  • CHILDRENS LITERATURE
  • CHILDRENS LITERATURE IN EDUCATION
  • HORN BOOK MAGAZINE
  • LION AND THE UNICORN
  • NEW REVIEW OF CHILDRENS LITERATURE AND LIBRARIANSHIP
  • PAPERS EXPLORATIONS INTO CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
  • QUARTERLY- CHILDRENS LITERATURE ASSOCIATION
  • SCHOOL LIBRARIAN
  • SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL

Meanwhile, I enjoyed reading a NY Times article about the endless curiosity of the young mind; in particular

In fact, our mature brain seems to be programmed by our childhood experiences — we plan based on what we’ve learned as children. Very young children imagine and explore a vast array of possibilities. As they grow older and absorb more evidence, certain possibilities become much more likely and more useful. They then make decisions based on this selective information and become increasingly reluctant to give those ideas up and try something new.

Here’s hoping that study helps to keep some plasticity in our ‘mature’ brains.